{"id":6777,"date":"2021-10-25T17:09:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T10:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mrlg.org\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=6777"},"modified":"2022-01-31T14:34:42","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T07:34:42","slug":"contract-farming-in-laos-responding-to-a-rising-agricultural-trend","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/www.mrlg.org\/lo-la\/publications\/contract-farming-in-laos-responding-to-a-rising-agricultural-trend\/","title":{"rendered":"Contract farming in Laos: Responding to a rising agricultural trend"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This discussion note explores common practices of contract farming (CF) in Laos, which have rapidly expanded for export crops across many provinces since the early 2000s. The analysis highlights benefits and challenges of CF from the perspectives of farmers, investors and government agencies, to support sub-legislation aimed at reducing risks and improving the outcomes for farmers and investors. 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